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Global Challenges to Democracy Report  No.268

Report No.268: Modi’s Monopolists: Labour and Capital in a Broken Democracy

Debasish Roy Chowdhury

January 27, 2026

Image: FireFX / shutterstock.com

This report examines the case of India, where the balance between labour and capital has moved decisively against labour, breaking the back of one of the most potent forces of democratisation. Countries where workers’ unions are hit the hardest by neoliberalism tend to offer the right-wing movements the most fertile ground. India’s broken democracy now points to the emergence of authoritarian neoliberalism—a form of capitalism in which the state joins forces with capital and erodes labour power to fortify despotic rule.